Hydropower as a Renewable Energy Source: A Sustainability Assessment

Abstract

Hydropower is one of the most widely used renewable energy sources globally, but its sustainability is often debated. This paper provides a comprehensive sustainability assessment of hydropower, focusing on its environmental, social, and economic impacts. We analyzed hydropower projects in Italy and across Europe, evaluating factors such as carbon emissions, water usage, and effects on local ecosystems and communities. Our findings suggest that while hydropower significantly reduces carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels, it can cause ecological disruptions and displacement of local populations. The paper also highlights advances in hydropower technology that aim to minimize negative impacts and improve efficiency. Recommendations for policymakers include stricter environmental regulations and incentives for innovative hydropower technologies that prioritize sustainability.