The Role of Renewable Energy in Achieving Carbon Neutrality: A Global Perspective

Abstract

Achieving carbon neutrality is a global priority in the fight against climate change, and renewable energy sources play a crucial role in this endeavor. This paper provides a global perspective on the role of renewable energy—solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal—in achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. We conducted a review of national energy policies, renewable energy adoption rates, and carbon emission reduction efforts in over 30 countries. Our findings highlight that countries with a strong commitment to renewable energy have made significant progress toward their carbon neutrality goals. However, challenges such as financial investment, technology transfer, and energy storage solutions remain critical barriers. The study offers policy recommendations for accelerating the transition to renewable energy and outlines strategies for international cooperation in achieving carbon neutrality.